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Publications

Below, publications are listed in reverse chronological order. After each I have started writing a short description of the contents/significance of the paper.

    2024

  1. Trini Nguyen*, Babu J N Reddy*, Steven P Gross, Christopher E Miles Competition between physical search and a weak to strong transition rate-limits kinesin binding times; PLOS Comput. Biol. 20, e1012158 (2024) PDF
    2. *Co-primary authors
  2. Babu J N Reddy, Nathan Reddy Allipeta, Jun Allard, Steven P Gross A new method to experimentally quantify dynamics of initial protein protein interactions; Communications Biology 311 (7)ccc PDF

    3. 2023

  3. Trini Nguyen*, Babu J N Reddy*, Steven P Gross, Christopher E Miles ADP release can explain spatially-dependent kinesin binding times; bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.11.08.563482; PDF
    4. *Co-primary authors

    2022

  4. Ibtissem Nabti, Babu J N Reddy, Rachid Rezgui, Wenqi Wang, Steven P Gross, George T Shubeita The ubiquitous microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) controls organelle distribution by regulating the activity of the kinesin motor; PNAS 119 (41), e2206677119(2022) PDF
  5. Cody Combs, Daniel D Seith, Matthew J Bovyn, Steven P Gross, Xiaohui Xie, Zuzanna S Siwy; Deep learning assisted mechanotyping of individual cells through repeated deformations and relaxations in undulating channels featured Biomicrofluidics 16, 014104 (2022)PDF

    6. 2021

  6. M Bovyn, Babu J N Reddy, S Gross, J Allard Diffusion of kinesin motors on cargo can enhance binding and run lengths during intracellular transport Molecular Biology of the Cell 32 (9), 984-994PDF
  7. Leora Duong, Steven P. Gross* and Albert Siryaporn* Developing Antimicrobial Synergy With AMPs;March 2021 | Volume 3 | Article 640981 PDF

    8. 2020

  8. Leora Duong, Steven P Gross, Albert SiryapornA novel antibacterial strategy: histone and antimicrobial peptide synergy Microbial Cell 7 (11), 309PDF
  9. Tory Doolin, S P Gross, A Siryaporn Physical mechanisms of bacterial killing by histones; Physical Microbiology, 117-133PDF
  10. Marta Bosch, Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez, Alba Fajardo, Ronan Kapetanovic, Bernhard Steiner, Filipe Dutra, Luciana Moreira, Juan Antonio López, Rocío Campo, Montserrat Marí, Frederic Morales-Paytuví, Olivia Tort, Albert Gubern, Rachel M. Templin, James E. B. Curson, Nick Martel, Cristina Català, Francisco Lozano, Francesc Tebar, Carlos Enrich, Jesús Vázquez, Miguel A. Del Pozo, Matthew J. Sweet, Patricia T. Bozza, Steven P. Gross, Robert G. Parton, Albert Pol, Mammalian lipid droplets are innate immune hubs integrating cell metabolism and host defense (Science 2020) PDF
  11. Tory Doolin, Henry M. Amir , Leora Duong, Rachel Rosenzweig , Lauren A. Urban, Marta Bosch, Albert Pol, Steven P. Gross; Albert Siryaporn,Mammalian histones facilitate antimicrobial synergy by disrupting the bacterial proton gradient and chromosome organization(Nature Communications 2020) PDF

    12. 2019

  12. Dail E. Chapman*, Babu J.N. Reddy*, Bunchhin Huy, Matthew J. Bovyn, Stephen John S. Cruz, Zahraa M. Al-Shammari, Han Han, Wenqi Wang, Deanna S. Smith & Steven P. Gross Regulation of in vivo dynein force production by CDK5 and 14-3-3epsilon and KIAA0528 (Nature Communications(2019) 10:228/ https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-08110) [pdf],
    13. *Co-primary authors

    2018

  13. Byeongwook Lee, Dongkwan Shin, Steven P. Gross, Kwang-Hyun Cho* Combined Positive and Negative Feedback Allows Modulation of Neuronal Oscillation Frequency during Sensory Processing (Cell Reports, 25, 1548–1560 (2018)) [pdf],
    14. *Corresponding Author
  14. InSuk Joung, Jong Yun Kim, Steven P. Gross, Keehyoung Joo, Jooyoung Lee* Conformational Space Annealing explained: A general optimization algorithm, with diverse applications (Computer Physics Communications 223 (2018) 28–33) [pdf],
    15. *Corresponding Author
  15. Joseph M. Muretta†, Babu J. N. Reddy†, Guido Scarabelli†, Alex F. Thompsone†, Shashank Jariwala, Jennifer Major, Monica Venere, Jeremy N. Rich, Belinda Willard, David D. Thomas, Jason Stumpff, Barry J. Grant, Steven P. Gross and Steven S. Rosenfeld A posttranslational modification of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 that enhances its mechanochemical coupling and alters its mitotic function (PNAS, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718290115 ) [pdf],
    16. † Equal Contribution
  16. Jared P. Bergman†, Matthew J. Bovyn†, Florence F. Doval, Abhimanyu Sharma, Manasa V. Gudheti, Steven P. Gross , Jun F. Allard#, and Michael D. Vershinin #* ” Cargo navigation across 3D microtubule intersections (PNAS, www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1707936115) [pdf+Supp],
    17. #,† Equal Contribution, *Corresponding authors.

    2017

  17. Babu J N Reddy , Suvranta Tripathy, Michael Vershinin, Marvin Tanenbaum, Jing Xu, Michelle Mattson-Hoss, Karim Arabi, Dail Chapman, Tory Doolin, Changbong Hyeon*, and Steven P. Gross* ” Heterogeneity in Kinesin Function (Traffic, Volume 18, Issue 10 Pages 658–671 2017) [pdf+Supp],
    18. *Corresponding authors.
  18. Yu CC, Reddy Babu J N, Wortman JC, Gross SP. ” Axonal Transport: A Constrained System J Neurol Neuromed (2017) 2(3): 20-24 [pdf]
  19. George Schubeita, Babu Reddy J N, Steven Gross (In Press)” 'Biophysics of Dynein in vivo' Book Chapter:to appear in ’Dyneins: Structure, Biology and Disease’ Volume 2 Dynein, Structure, Mechanics and Disease (King, S.M.: editor) Elsevier inc.,(Nov 2017)

    2016

  20. Babu J. N. Reddy & Steven Gross “Dynein: Let’s not get stuck!” Cell Cycle, DOI:10.1080/15384101.2016.1232085 (2016)[pdf]
  21. Babu J.N. Reddy, Michelle Mattson, Caitlin L. Wynne, Omid Vadpey, Abdo Durra, Dail Chapman, Richard B. Vallee & Steven P. Gross “Load-induced enhancement of Dynein force production by LIS1–NudE in vivo and in vitro” Nature Communications Aug 4;7:12259 (2016) [pdf] [Suppl]

    22. 2015

  22. Muretta JM, Jun Y, Gross SP, Major J, Thomas DD, Rosenfeld SS. “The structural kinetics of switch-1 and the neck linker explain the functions of kinesin-1 and Eg5.” PNAS (2015) 112(48):E6606-13[pdf]
  23. Mitra Shojania Feizabadi, Babu Reddy J N, Omid Vadpey, Yonggun Jun, Dail Chapman, Steven Rosenfeld and Steven P. Gross“Microtubule C-Terminal Tails Can Change Characteristics of Motor Force Production” Traffic(2015) [pdf]
  24. Albert Herms, Marta Bosch, Babu J.N. Reddy, Nicole L. Schieber, Alba Fajardo, Celia Ruperez, Andrea Fernandez-Vidal, Charles Ferguson, Carles Rentero, Francesc Tebar, Carlos Enrich, Robert G. Parton, Steven P. Gross & Albert Pol.“AMPK activation promotes lipid droplet dispersion on detyrosinated microtubules to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation” Nature Communications. May 27,2015[pdf] [supp]

    25. 2014

  25. Suvranta K Tripathy, Sarah J Weil, Chen Chen, Preetha Anand, Richard B Vallee, Steven P Gross“Autoregulatory mechanism for dynactin control of processive and diffusive dynein transport” Nature Cell Biology 1192–1201 (2014)[pdf]
  26. Yonggun Jun, Suvranta K. Tripathy, Babu R. J. Narayanareddy, Michelle K. Mattson-Hoss and Steven P. Gross. “Calibration of Optical Tweezers for In Vivo Force Measurements: How do Different Approaches Compare?” Biophys. J, 107: 1474-1484 (2014).[pdf]
  27. MK Mattson-Hoss , Y Niitani , EA Gordon , Y Jun ,L Bardwell ,M Tomishige , and SP Gross. “CK2 activates kinesin via induction of a conformational change.” PNAS, 111: 7000-5 (2014). [pdf]
  28. Babu R J Narayanareddy, S Vartiainen ,N Hariri , DK O'Dowd , and SP Gross. “A Biophysical Analysis of Mitochondrial Movement: Differences Between Transport in Neuronal Cell Bodies Versus Processes.” Traffic, (2014). [pdf]
  29. A. Pol, S.P. Gross, and R.G. Parton. “The biogenesis of the multifunctional lipid droplet: lipids, proteins, and sites.” J. Cell Biol., 04(5):635-46 (2014). [pdf]
  30. J. Wortman, U. Shrestha, D. Barry, M.L. Garcia , S.P. Gross+†, and C.C. Yu+†, “Axonal Transport: How High Microtubule Density Can Compensate for Boundary Effects in Small Caliber Axons”, Biophys. J., 106(4):813-23 (2014). [pdf]
  31. A. Goulet, J. Major, Y. Jun, S.P. Gross, S.S. Rosenfeld, C.A. Moores “A comprehensive structural model of the mechanochemical cycle of a mitotic motor highlights molecular adaptations in the kinesin family”, PNAS,111(5):1837-1842(2014). [pdf] [supp]

    32. 2013

  32. Kassan A, Herms A, Fernández-Vidal A, Bosch M, Schieber NL, Reddy Babu J N, Fajardo A, Gelabert-Baldrich M, Tebar F, Enrich C, Gross SP, Parton RG, Pol A., “Acyl-CoA synthetase 3 promotes lipid droplet biogenesis in ER microdomains.” J Cell Biol. 2013 Dec 23;203(6):985-1001. [pdf+Supp] [pdf]
    Determines new details into how LDs form in the ER.
  33. A. Herms, M. Bosch, N. Ariotti, Babu J. N. Reddy, A. Fajardo, A. Fernádez-Vidal, A. Alvarez-Guaita, M. A. Fernádez-Rojo, C. Rentero, F. Tebar, C. Enrich, M.-I. Geli, R. G. Parton, S. P. Gross, and A. Pol, “Cell to cell lipid droplet heterogeneity: a population advantage to reduce lipotoxicity” in press Current Biology(2013). [pdf] [supp]
    Discovers that cells actively create heterogeneity in LDs, with some cells having few LDs and some having many. This decreases overall ROS, and the high-lipid cells can supply lipids to the low-lipid cells when needed.
  34. Juyong Lee, Steven P Gross and Jooyoung Lee, “Improved network community structure improves function prediction” in press Scientific Reports(2013).
    Uses an improved minimization approach to better implement maximization of Q, resulting in improved community detection. This is applied to protein-interaction networks, and the resulting detected communities are then used as additional information in predicting protein function.
  35. K.P. Bohannon, Y. Jun, S.P. Gross, and G.A. Smith, “Differential protein partitioning within the herpesvirus tegument and envelope underlie a complex and variable virion architecture.”, PNAS,110(17):E1613-20(2013). [pdf] [supp]
    Uses a combination of high-resolution image analysis and genetic engineering to analyze the structure and organization of herpes viruses.
  36. R.P. Erickson, S.P. Gross+†, and C.C.P. Yu+† “Filament-filament switching can be regulated by separation between filaments together with cargo motor number.”, PLoS One. 8(2):e54298 (2013). [Link]
    Investigates theoretically what happens when a 3D cargo with multiple motors arrives at a filament-filament crossing. It discovers that the outcome is sensitive to filament spacing.
  37. S. P. Gross “Come together: group behavior of Dynein motors.”, Dev Cell. Jan 28;24(2):117-8. (2013)
    A news and views discussing a nice recent paper by Roop Mallik’s group, suggesting how specific single-molecule adaptations might contribute to ensemble function for multiple dynein motors.

    38. 2012

  38. P. Anand, S. Cermelli, Z. Li, A. Kassan, M. Bosch, R. Sigua, L. Huang, A.J. Ouellette, A. Pol, M.A. Welte and S.P. Gross, "A novel role for lipid droplets in the?organismal antibacterial response", eLife, Nov. 13, (2012). [pdf]
    Discovers what we believe to be a new pathway in innate immunity, where anti-bacterial histone proteins are sequestered on cytoplasmic lipid droplets, and then released in the presence of cytosolic bacteria, to kill the invaders. Please also see the accompanying "insight" article by Roberto Kolter:[pdf]

  39.  J. Xu, Z. Shu, S.J. King, and S.P. Gross, "Tuning Multiple Motor Travel Via Single Motor Velocity", Traffic, March 27, (2012). [pdf]
    Shows that for multiple-motor based transport, velocity can be used to control mean travel. For single kinesin motors, processivity is independent of velocity, which means that the slower you go, the lower the single-motor off rate. Thus, for multiple motors acting together, since the "on" rate is independent of velocity, but the off-rate is not,?the ratio of on-rate to off-rate can be tuned by velocity, and this can be used to quite dramatically alter how far the group of motors takes the cargo.

  40.  J.Lee, S. P. Gross, and J. Lee, "Modularity optimization by conformational space annealing", Phys. Rev. E, 85, (2012).
    Applies a new approach to detect hidden communities within graphs, resulting in improved modularity and more rapid detection of the communities

  41.  R.Sigua, S. Tripathy, P. Anand+†,and S.P. Gross+†, "Isolation and Purification of Kinesin from Drosophila Embryos", J. Vis. Exp. (62), e3501, DOI: 10.3791/3501 (2012). [Link to JOVE Site]
    Provides a purification protocol to help biophysics-types purify functional kinesin from fly embryos for single-molecule experiments

  42.  J.Xu, Babu J N Reddy*, P. Anand,*, Z. Shu,*, S. Cermelli,M.K. Mattson, S.K. Tripathy, M.T. Hoss, N.S. James, S.J. King, L. Huang, L. Bardwell and S.P. Gross+", "Casein kinase 2 reverses tail-independent inactivation of kinesin-1", Nature Communications, March 27, (2012). [pdf] [supp]
    Discovers a new pathway of kinesin inactivation/reactivation. Shows that kinesin by itself tends to go inactive, and that this inactivation can be reversed by the presence of CK2, both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, this new inactivation/reactivation pathway does NOT involve autoinhibition of kinesin via the established head-tail inactivation pathway, as even tail-less kinesin goes inactive.

  43. G. T. Shubeita and S. P. Gross, "Intracellular Transport: Relating Single-Molecule Properties to in Vivo Function" in E. Egelman (Ed.) Comprehensive Biophysics, Elsevier, (2012).
    Review

    44. 2011

  44. A. Kunwar, Kunwar, S.K. Tripathy, J. Xu, M.K. Mattson, P. Anand, R. Sigua, M. Vershinin, R.J. McKenney, C. C. Yu, A. Mogilner+†, and S.P. Gross+†, "Mechanical stochastic tug-of-war models cannot explain bidirectional lipid-droplet transport", PNAS, November 14, (2011). [pdf]
    Investigates theoretically how multiple kinesin and dynein motors function together. By comparing theory and experiments, it concludes that straightforward mechanistic tug-of-war scenarios are inconsistent with observed motion for bi-directional lipid droplet motion, suggesting additional coordination mechanism likely exist.

  45. J. Yi, K. Ori-McKenney, R. McKenney, M. Vershinin, S.P. Gross, and R. B. Vallee, "High Resolution Imaging Reveals Indirect Coordination of Opposite Motors and LIS1 Role in High-load Axonal Transport.", J. Cell Biol., (2011).?[pdf]
    A paper following-up on the in-vitro study (#53, below) of Dynein"s regulation by NudE and Lis1, but this time looking at transport in cells. The main points are 2. First, that coordination between opposite motors (for bi-directionally moving transport) is NOT directly and immediately mediated by activity of the motors. That is, when dynein (minus-end) activity is decreased rapidly (by acute inhibition), plus-end motion is inhibited, but with a temporal delay. Thus, however motor inactivation is sensed (potentially by force production, or other mechanisms), once detected, inactivation of the opposite motors requires some additional feedback mechanism. This is consistent with the fact that in vitro, neither kinesin or dynein require opposite-polarity motors to be present to function. The second point of the paper is that in neurons, larger cargos appear likely to be exposed to significantly more opposition to motion, so that their appropriate transport requires NudE/Lis1 function, but this?requirement is much less for smaller cargos.

  46. M. Bosch, M. Mar? S.P. Gross, J.C. Fern?dez-Checa, and A. Pol, "Mitochondrial cholesterol: a connection between caveolin and metabolism", Traffic (AOP)?(2011). [pdf] ?
    ?A short review/opinion piece with a bit of new data, furthering the idea presented in #56 below, i.e. that that loss of CAV1 function can result in multiple disease phenotypes by affecting Mitochondrial function, in particular by altering cholesterol in the mitochondrial membrane.

  47. R.P. Erickson, Z. Jia, S.P. Gross+† and C.C. Yu+†, "How Molecular Motors are Arranged on a Cargo is Important for Vesicular Transport", PLOS Computational Biology (2011).?strong> +=Co-senior author   †=Corresponding author [pdf]   ?
    A theoretical study investigatingthree-dimensional aspects of cargo motion.

  48. J. Xu and S.P. Gross, "Biophysics of dynein in vivo" (invited review), to appear in Dyneins: Structure, Biology and Disease, (Elsevier), Editor Stephen M. King (2011).
    Review

  49. M. Bosch, M. Mar? A. Herms, A. Fern?dez, A. Fajardo, A. Kassan, A. Giralt, A. Colell, D. Balgoma, E. Barbero, E. Gonz?ez-Moreno, N. Matias, F. Tebar, J. Balsinde, M. Camps, C. Enrich, S.P. Gross, C. Garc?-Ruiz, E. P?ez-Navarro, J.C. Fern?dez-Checa, and A. Pol, "Caveolin-1 deficiency causes cholesterol dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic susceptibility" , Current Biology (AOP)?2011). [pdf] [supp]
    Discovers that loss of CAV1 function can result in multiple disease phenotypes by affecting Mitochondrial function. CAV1 is discovered to contribute to mitochondrial cholesterol homeostasis, and by altering cholesterol in the mitochondrial membrane,?loss of CAV1 function thus results in a variety of alterations of mitochondrial function.

    50. 2010

  50. K.M. Ori-McKenney*, J. Xu*, S.P. Gross+†, and R.B. Vallee+†, "A cytoplasmic dynein tail mutation impairs motor processivity", Nature Cell Biology (AOP), (2010) [pdf] [supp]
    Determines the mechanistic effects of the LOA mutation, a mutation in the dynein heavy chain, that leads to an ALS-like phenotype in heterozygous mice bearing the mutation. Homozygous mice die at birth. The paper has a number of main findings. First, that the mutation decreases single-molecule processivity. Second, that this defect carries over to multiple-motor transport, and the effects on processivity at the single-molecule can quantitatively explain?the observed impairment in multiple-motor based transport, likely resulting in the observed disease phenotype. This study thus provided the first direct experimental evidence supporting the long=hypothesized importance of single-motor processivity for healthy transport. The study also suggests a role for the tail in controlling enzymatic coordination between the two heads. Because this loss of enzymatic coordination correlates with increased side-to-side stepping of the motor, and hence less lateral contact between the two heads, we believe this is consistent with a mechanism whereby dynein heads communicate with each other laterally.
    ?strong> *=Co-primary author,   +=Co-senior author   †=Corresponding author

  51. R.J. McKenney*, M. Vershinin*, A. Kunwar, R.B. Vallee+†, and S.P. Gross+†, "LIS1 and NudE Induce a Persistent Dynein Force-Producing State", Cell 141: 304"314, (2010) [pdf] [supp]
    Discovers the mechanistic role of NudE and Lis1. Briefly, NudE alone both recruits dynein to a particular location, but also inactivates it. Lis1 then binds NudE, and the combined Dynein-NudE-Lis1 complex is again active, but now with improved performance. In particular, the complexes processivity is increased, and more importantly, detachment under load is decreased. This allows the motors to "hold on" under load, and is critical in allowing multiple motors to work well together. In the presence of NudE and Lis1, the same number of motors can exert a higher average force, not because each motor exerts more force, but rather because on average more motors are engaged (they don"t fall off).
    *=Co-primary author,   +=Co-senior author   †=Corresponding author

    52. 2009

  52. K.H. Bremner, J. Scherer, J. Yi, M. Vershinin, S.P. Gross, and R.B. Vallee, "Adenovirus transport via direct interaction of cytoplasmic dynein with the viral capsid hexon subunit". Cell Host Microbe. 6(6):523-35. (2009) [pdf]
    Investigates how dynein moves Adenovirus particles.

  53. M. Ingelmo-Torres, E. Gonz?ez-Moreno, A. Kassan, M. Hanzal-Bayer, F. Tebar, A. Herms, T. Grewal, J.F. Hancock, C. Enrich, M. Bosch, S.P. Gross, R.G. Parton and A. Pol, "Hydrophobic and Basic Domains Target Proteins to Lipid Droplets", Traffic 10(12):1785-801 (2009) [pdf]
    Investigates how proteins such as Caveolin are targeted to Lipid Droplets.

  54. R. Mallik and SP Gross, "Intracellular transport: how do motors work together"", Curr Biol.19(10), (2009) [pdf] ?
    A short dispatch on interesting work investigating transport of intra-flagellar particles.

  55. F. Ziebert, M. Vershinin, SP Gross, IS Aranson, "Collective alignment of polar filaments by molecular motors." Eur Phys J E Soft Matter, 28(4), (2009) [pdf]
    Investigates theoretically and experimentally how molecular motors can align filaments by cross-linking and moving.

  56. K. Larsen, J. Xu, S. Cermelli, and S.P. Gross, "BicaudalD actively regulates microtubule motor activity in lipid droplet transport.", PLoS one 3(11), (2009). [pdf] ?
    Establishes that BicD plays a role in regulating lipid droplet motion in drosophila embryos, and shows that BicD plays a dynamic rather than static role in controlling such motion.

    57. 2008

  57. G. Shubeita, S. Tran, J. Xu, M. Vershinin, S. Cermelli, S. Cotton, M. Welte, and S.P. Gross, "Consequences of motor copy number on the intracellular transport of kinesin-1-driven lipid droplets" Cell ?35(6), (2008). [pdf] ?[supp]
    Establishes that for lipid droplets, simply controlling the overall number of motors does not result in changes to droplet motion.

  58. A. Kunwar, M. Vershinin, J. Xu, and S.P. Gross, "Stepping, Strain Gating, and an Unexpected Force-Velocity Curve for Multiple-Motor-Based Transport", Current Biology 18, 1"11, August 26, 2008 (2008). [pdf] ?[supp]
    Investigates theoretically how multiple kinesin motors function together, and how uneven load sharing can result in enhances system performance under load. It finds that ensemble multiple motor function depends strongly on the coupling between the motors. It predicts"which is then confirmed experimentally"that surprisingly, for a range of likely cytosolic viscosities, cargos driven by a single motor can move faster than cargos moved by two or more motors.

  59. M.A. Welte and S. P. Gross,?"Molecular motors: a traffic cop within"", HFSP Journal in press, (2008). [pdf]
    A brief review discussing a paper from the Lipowsky group that recently appeared in PNAS. The work is very intriguing, in that it presents a model that suggests that many aspects of bi-directional vesicular motion may be explained quantitatively due to specific properties of single motors, and how tug-of-wars are resolved.?/blockquote>

  60. M. Vershinin, J. Xu, D. Razafsky, S.J. King, and S.P. Gross, "Tuning microtubule-based transport through filamentous MAPs: the problem of dynein." Traffic, 9(6):882-92 (2008). [pdf]
    A previous PNAS paper (#38, below) investigated how two or three kinesin motors function together, and showed that tau"at levels found in cells"can function to regulate the number of engaged motors, allowing cells the possibility to spatially regulate plus-end transport via control of track (microtubule) accessibility. This raised the potential problem of cross-talk between plus-end and minus-end transport, since they both occur along microtubules. In this manuscript we investigate dynein"s sensitivity to tau, in both the single- and multiple-motor regimes. We show that filament-level regulation can occur without cross-talk, because dynein is essentially unaffected by the low levels to moderate levels to tau that so significantly alter kinesin-based transport. Using a construct (a portions of dynein"s microtubule-binding domain), we investigate how dynein avoids kinesins" tau sensitivity.

  61. B.C. Carter, M. Vershinin, S.P. Gross, "A Comparison of Step-Detection Methods: How Well Can You Do"" Biophys. Jl,94(1):306-19, (2008). [pdf]
    Investigates properties of different step-detection methods, and then applies the best one to the problem of how multiple kinesin motors function together. It shows that under low load, and saturating ATP, in vitro two kinesin motors attached to a cargo do not coordinate, but instead function independently, so that the center of mass of the cargo moves in ~4nm steps.

    62. 2007

  62. S. P. Gross, M. Vershinin and G.T. Shubeita,?"Cargo Transport: Two Motors Are Sometimes Better Than One", Curr. Bio. v.17, R478-486 (2007). [pdf]
    A review of advances in our understanding of how multiple motors move cargos, and the ramifications of the number of engaged motors moving cargos. Based on a summary of structural (EM data) and in vivo force measurements, it suggests that most cargos transported along microtubules are moved by a limited number of motors (between 1 and 5).

  63. S. P. Gross,?"Molecular Motors: A Tale of Two Filaments", Curr. Bio. v.17, R277-280 (2007). [pdf]
    A brief review of advances in myosin V-actin filament-filament switching, discussing both the role of the number of motors on the cargo, and also new results on the properties of single Myosin-V motors.

  64. D.Y. Petrov, R. Mallik, G.T. Shubeita, M. Vershinin, S.P. Gross †+, and C.C.Yu+ ,"Studying Molecular Motor-based Cargo Transport: What is Real, and What is Noise"", Online Early Edition,?Biophys. Jl, (2007). [pdf]? [supp]?+=Co-senior author   †=Corresponding author
    Investigates how two or three kinesin motors function together, and shows that stall forces for motors are additive, and that multiple kinesin motors move cargos very long distances. It then shows that tau"at levels found in cells"can function to regulate the number of engaged motors, allowing cells the possibility to spatially regulate transport via control of track (microtubule) accessibility.

  65. J.E. Martinez, M.D. Vershinin , G.T. Shubeita, and S.P. Gross, "On the use of in vivo cargo velocity as a biophysical marker", Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 353, 835-840 (2007). [pdf]? [Word, suppl] [jpeg]
    Investigates, both theoretically and experimentally, the published proposal that a cargo"s velocity can be used to infer the number of engaged motors moving the cargo. The manuscript concludes that cargo velocity is likely a poor marker for the number of engaged motors.

  66. M. Vershinin, B.C. Carter, D.S. Razafsky, S.J. King and S.P. Gross, "Multiple-motor based transport and its regulation by Tau", PNAS V. 104, 87"92 (2007). (track 2) [pdf] ?[supp]
    Investigates how two or three kinesin motors function together, and shows that stall forces for motors are additive, and that multiple kinesin motors move cargos very long distances. It then shows that tau"at levels found in cells"can function to regulate the number of engaged motors, allowing cells the possibility to spatially regulate transport via control of track (microtubule) accessibility.

    67. 2006

  67. R. Mallik and S. P. Gross,?"Molecular motors as cargo transporters in the cell "The good, the bad and the ugly",?Physica A, V. 372,?65 "69, (2006). [pdf]
    A brief review of the function of molecular motors.

  68. S. Cermelli*, Y. Guo,?S.P. Gross+† and?M.A. Welte+, "The Lipid-Droplet Proteome Reveals that Droplets Are a Protein-Storage Depot", Curr. Bio., v. 16, 1783-1795, (2006). [pdf] [supp] +=Co-senior author?/span>?†=Corresponding author
    Uses mass spectrometry to determine the proteins present on embryonic lipid droplets.?Because the proteins present are found to be highly conserved between Drosophila and mammalian droplets, this suggests that studying the Drosophila droplets can provide important insights into the similar processes in mammals. In the proteome, certain unexpected proteins"histones"are present in large amounts The localization of histones to the droplets is investigated in depth, and concluded to be real, and temporally regulated. Based on these findings, together with published observations from others, the manuscript proposes a new model for lipid droplets as generalized sites of protein storage/sequestration.

  69. S. L. Bullock, A. Nicol, S.P. Gross, and D. Zicha, " Guidance of Bidirectional Motor Complexes by mRNA Cargoes through Control of Dynein Number and Activity", Curr. Bio.,V. 16, 1447"1452, (2006). [pdf]

  70. S.E. Antinone, G.T. Shubeita, K.E. Coller, J.I. Lee, S. Haverlock-Moyns, S.P. Gross+, and G.A. Smith+, "The herpesvirus capsid surface protein, VP26, and the majority of the tegument proteins are dispensable for capsid transport toward the nucleus", J. Virol., n. 80, 5494"5498 (2006). [pdf]

    71. 2005

  71. Roop Mallik, Dmitri Petrov, S.A. Lex, S.J. King, and S.P. Gross, "Building Complexity: An In Vitro Study of Cytoplasmic Dynein with In Vivo Implications", Curr. Bio., v. 15, 2075-2085, (2005). [pdf] [supp]
    Investigates how two or three dynein motors function together, and shows that stall forces for motors are additive, and that multiple dynein motors move cargos very long distances. Shows that a cargo moved by two dyneins is expected to move a very long distance, so that for cargos moved by two or more dynein motors in cells, the dynactin complex (which increases dynein processivity) is likely unnecessary as far as facilitating travel distance. This does not?mean, however, that the dynactin complex is unimportant"we have previously shown that in some cases it plays a role in coordinating kinesin and dynein, and others have shown that it frequently plays an important role in dynein-cargo attachment.

  72. M.P. Singh, R. Mallik, S. P. Gross ?, and C.C. Yu ?, "Monte Carlo modeling of single molecule cytoplasmic dynein", PNAS, v. 102, 12059"12064, (2005). (?=co-senior author) [pdf]

  73. M.A. Welte*, S. Cermelli*, J. Griner, A. Viera, Y. Guo, D. Kim, J.G. Gindhart , S.P. Gross, "Regulation of lipid-droplet transport by the Perilipin homologue LSD2", Curr. Bio., v. 15, 1266-1275, (2005). [pdf] [supp]

  74. F. Lin, CM Nguyen, SJ Wang, W Saadi, SP Gross, NL Jeon, "Neutrophil Migration in Opposing Chemoattractant Gradients Using Microfluidic Chemotaxis Devices", Ann. Biom. Engin., v. 33, no. 4, 475-482 (2005). [pdf]

  75. Brian C. Carter, George T. Shubeita, and Steven P. Gross, " Tracking single-particles: a user-friendly quantitative evaluation", Physical Biology 2, 60"72, (2005). [pdf]

  76. T. del Rio, T.H. Ch"ng 2, E.A. Flood, S.P. Gross, and L.W. Enquist " Heterogeneity of a fluorescent tegument component in single psedorabies virons and enveloped axonal assemblies", J. Virol. , n. 79, 3903-19 (2005). [pdf]

    77. 2004

  77. Roop Mallik and Steven P. Gross, "Molecular Motors: Strategies to Get Along", Current Biology, v. 14, R971-R982, (2004). [pdf]

  78. G.A. Smith, L. Pomeranz, S.P. Gross?and L. Enquist? "Local modulation of plus-end transport targets herpesvirus entry and egress in sensory axons", PNAS early eddition, (2004) (?=co-senior author) [pdf]

  79. J. Snider, F. Lin, N. Zahedi, V. Rodionov, C.C. Yu? and S.P. Gross? "Intracellular actin-based transport: How far you go depends on how often you switch", PNAS 101: 13204"13209, (2004) (? =co-senior author) [pdf] [supp]

  80. SP Gross "Hither and yon: a review of bi-directional microtubule-based transport", Physical Biology 1: R1"R11, (2004) [pdf]

  81. F. Lin, CM Nguyen, SJ Wang, W Saadi, SP Gross? NL Jeon? "Effective neutrophil chemotaxis is strongly influenced by mean IL-8 concentration", Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. Jun 25;319(2):576-81 (2004). (?=co-senior author) [pdf]

  82. R. Mallik, B.C. Carter, S.A. Lex, S.J. King and S.P. Gross "Cytoplasmic dynein functions as a gear in response to load", Nature 427, 649-52 (2004). [pdf]

    83. 2003

  83. Vladimir Rodionov, Julie Yi, Anna Kashina, Abiola Oladipo, and Steven P. Gross, "Switching between microtubule- and actin-based transport systems in melanophores is controlled by cAMP levels", Current Biology, v. 13, 1837"1847, (2003). [pdf]

  84. Steven P. Gross,Yi Guo, Joel E. Martinez, and Michael A. Welte, "A Determinant for Directionality of Organelle Transport in Drosophila Embryos", Current Biology, v. 13, 1660"1668, (2003). [pdf]

  85. S. P. Gross, "Dynactin: Coordinating Motors with Opposite Inclinations (Dispatch)", Current Biology, v. 13, R320-322 (2003). [pdf]

  86. S. P. Gross, "Application of Optical Traps In Vivo", Methods in Enzymology, v. 361, 162-174 (2003). [pdf]

    87. 2002

  87. L.J. Davis, D.J. Odde, S. M. Block, and S. P. Gross, "The Importance of Lattice Defects in Katanin-Mediated Microtubule Severing in Vitro", Biophys. J. 82, 2916-27 (2002). [pdf]

  88. S. P. Gross*, M. C. Tuma*, S. W. Deacon, A. S. Serpinskaya A. R. Reilein and V. I. Gelfand, "Interactions and Regulation of Molecular Motors in Xenopus Melanophores", J. Cell Bio. 156, 855-65 (2002). [pdf]

  89. S.P Gross*, M. Welte*, S.M. Block, and E.F. Wieschaus, "Coordination of opposite-polarity microtubule motors", J. Cell Bio. 156, 715-24, (2002) [pdf]

  90. L.W. Enquist, M.J. Tomishima, S. Gross, G.S. Smith, "Directional spread of an alpha-herpsesvirus in the nervous system", Veter. Microb. 2266, 1-12 (2002). [pdf]

    91. 2001

  91. G.A. Smith*, S.P Gross*, and L.W. Enquist, "Herpesviruses use bidirectional fast-axonal transport to spread in sensory neurons", PNAS 98 3466-70 (2001) [pdf]

    92. 1987~2000

  92. S.P Gross, M. Welte, S.M. Block, and E.F. Wieschaus, "Dynein-mediated cargo transport In vivo. A switch controls travel distance.", J. Cell Biol. 148 945-56 (2000). [pdf]

  93. S.P. Gross*, M. Welte*, M. Postner, S. M. Block, and E.F. Wieschaus, "Developmental and Genetic Regulation of Vesicle Transport in Drosphila Embryos", Cell 92, 547 (1998). [pdf]

  94. K. Visscher, S. P. Gross, and S. M. Block, "Construction of Multiple-Beam Optical Traps with Nanometer-Resolution Position Sensing", IEEE Jl. Sel. Top. Quant. Electr., 2, 1066 (1996). [pdf]

  95. E. Sharon, S. P. Gross, and J. Fineberg, "Energy Dissipation in Dynamic Fracture," Phys. Rev. Lett., 76, 2117 (1996).

  96. S.P. Gross, "Instabilities in Fast Fracture", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas, (1995)

  97. E. Sharon*, S. P. Gross*, and J. Fineberg, ``Local Crack Branching as a Mechanism for Instability in Dynamic Fracture,'' Phys. Rev. Lett, 74, 5096 (1995).

  98. M. Marder and Steve Gross, ``Origin of Crack Tip Instabilities,'' Jl. of the Mech. and Phys. of Sol., 43, 1 (1995).

  99. S. P. Gross, J. Fineberg, M. Marder, W.D. McCormick, and H. L. Swinney, ``Acoustic Emissions from Rapidly Moving Cracks," Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, 3162 (1993).

  100. J. Fineberg, S. P. Gross, M. Marder, and H. L. Swinney, ``Instability in the propagation of fast cracks'', Phys. Rev. B, 45, 5146, 1992.

  101. J. Fineberg, S. P. Gross, M. Marder, and H. L. Swinney, ``Instability in Dynamic Fracture,'' Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 457, (1991).

  102. S. Gross, G. Zocchi, and A. Libchaber ``Waves and Plumes of thermal boundary layer,'' C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 307, Serie II, 447, (1988).

  103. J. Glazier, S.P. Gross, J. Stavans, ``Dynamics of two-dimensional soap froths'', Phys. Rev. A, 36, 306, 1987.

    104. *= Joint first authors.

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